the source of the formation of laterite nickel deposits. Laterite nickel deposits are composed of topsoil, limonite, saprolite, and bedrock zones. Nickel enrichment is found in the saprolite zone which is composed of predominantly serpentine, goethite, and garnierite silicate minerals. Figure 1 Research Area (Source: Google Earth, 2022) Nickel ...
The process uses nickel laterite of humus soil type as raw material, and generally, the nickel grade in the raw material should be larger than 2%. Otherwise, it is not feasible economically. Moreover, the mass ratio of nickel / iron should be 6–10 to produce high-grade ferronickel, and that of magnesium oxide/silica should be 0.55–0.65 to ...
Located in Moa (Cuba) and Fort Saskatchewan (Alberta, Canada), the Moa JV produces class I nickel and high-grade cobalt products. Moa JV is 50% owned by each of Sherritt and General Nickel Company S.A. of Cuba …
2. Material and methods2.1. Material characterization. Material characterization of the nontronite type lateritic nickel ore of which PLS was used during the experiments was defined in the previous work (Büyükakinci and Topkaya, 2009).During the experiments, precipitates resulting from iron removal, MHP and manganese removal …
Other than the hybrid Caron process the only operating hydrometallurgical process for nickel laterites are HPALs. The first commercial HPAL plant started production in 1959 at Moa Bay in Cuba and still continues today and Sherrit a 50% joint venture (JV) partner in Moa is a partner in the construction of the similar Ambatovy project in Madagascar.
Nickel laterites are the future. Nickel can be produced from either sulphides or laterite ore. About 72% of the world's nickel resources are laterites found mainly in tropical locales such as Indonesia, Cuba, Brazil and New Caledonia. The remaining 28% are sulphides primarily located in Canada and Russia. Australia has both …
Ni laterites of the Moa Bay mining area form part of an ~ 100 km 2 large Ni laterite province in the northeast of Cuba (Pinares de Mayarí, Nicaro and Moa Bay …
of nickel laterites does not require preliminary benefica-tion [25–26]. In industry, the extraction of nickel from laterite min-erals is carried out by such processes as: Caron process, high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL), atmospheric acid leaching (AAL-atmospheric acid leaching), biochemical leaching (BL-Bio chemical leaching), and heap leaching
NICKEL PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Written and Presented by Alan Taylor ALTA Metallurgical Services ... • Commercially applied processes for low grade laterites are: – Caron Process: reduction roast – ammonia leach) – PAL (or HPAL) Process: high pressure sulphuric acid leaching ... Cuba, in 1944, then taken over by the Cuban …
Abstract. The magnesium content of laterite ore has a significant impact on the quantity of sulphuric acid required to achieve the target nickel extraction by the high pressure acid leach (HPAL) process, both through direct consumption of acid when magnesium-bearing minerals are dissolved and through "buffering" effects via bisulphate …
Nickel laterite profiles generally comprise a saprolitic zone in which Ni is combined with silica (garnieritic ore) overlain by a leached zone in which Ni is associated with iron oxyhydroxides (oxidised ore). The oxidised ore is especially abundant in the Cuban lateritic nickel deposits (De Vletter, 1955, Lelong et al., 1976).
HPAL is the main hydrometallurgical process for treating nickel laterite ores. It has a fast reaction efficiency and is suitable for limonitic laterites. ... Critical metals …
Nickel laterite pro®les generally comprise a saprolitic zone in which Ni is combined with silica (garnieritic ore) overlain by a leached zone in which Ni is associated with iron oxyhydroxides (oxidised ore). The oxidised ore is especially abundant in the Cuban lateritic nickel deposits (De Vletter, 1955; Lelong et al., 1976).
Nickel-cobalt (Ni-Co) laterite deposits are supergene enrichments of Ni±Co that form from intense chemical and mechanical weathering of ultramafic parent rocks.
Nickel Processing and The Rise of Laterites - Download as a PDF or view online for free ... − Ferronickel Smelting – Fe-Ni − Nickel Pig Iron Smelting – NPI • Current hydrometallurgical dealing with laterites − The Caron Process (pyro/hydro hybrid ... (150-200oC) • Projects − Yubulu, Australia (1974) − Punta Gorda, Cuba (1986 ...
An improved method for processing of nickel-bearing ores, laterite ores, saprolite and limonite ores, oxidic and sulfide ores, metallurgical wastes, and other metal-bearing materials, to recover the valuable minerals contained therein, comprising comminuting ore to a desired size; leaching the ore at about 70 C to 130 C for about 30 minutes to 4 …
As shown in Fig. 9, AL is carried out at atmospheric pressure (1 atm), and temperature varies from 50-110 °C. AL ), which is conducted at low temperature and under ambient pressure, has attracted attention recently because of less capital and operational cost than HPAL . …
THE IDEAL LATERITE PROCESS • High recoveries of nickel and cobalt. • Lower capex and opex than existing processes • No initial drying and low overall energy requirement. • Atmospheric pressure operation. • Low net reagent consumption. • Straight forward downstream processing. • Ability to provide separate nickel and cobalt products.
Other than the hybrid Caron process the only operating hydrometallurgical process for nickel laterites are HPALs. The first commercial HPAL plant started …
All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. ... The Ni-laterite deposit at the San Felipe plateau, located 30 km northwest of Camagüey, in central Cuba, is the best example of a clay-type deposit in the Caribbean region. ... applied to nickel laterite deposits from New Caledonia, demonstrate that this ...
Early Hydrometallurgical Operations in Cuba The two principal processes for treatment of nickel laterite ores are the Caron process and the Pressure Acid Leach (PAL or HPAL) process. ... In 1994 Sherritt …
The pyrometallurgical process for refining saprolite ores and the acid leach process both recover more nickel from the ore than the Caron ammonia leach process. ... there was just one commercial plant in the world doing acid pressure leaching of nickel laterites. Located at Moa Bay, Cuba, it was started up by the Freeport Sulfur company …
Nickel is a kind of silvery white ferromagnetic metal firstly separated by Swedish mineralogist A.F. Cronstedt in 1751. It is in the eighth group of the fourth period in the periodic table of elements, with atomic number of 28, atomic weight of 58.71, density of 8.9 g/cm 3 (20 ℃), melting point of 1455 ℃, and boiling point of 2915 ℃. The most …
All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. ... The Ni-laterite deposit at the San Felipe plateau, located 30 km northwest of Camagüey, in central Cuba, is the …
Laterite nickel ore is a loose clay-like ore composed of iron, aluminum, silicon, and other water-bearing oxides. It is an oxidized nickel ore formed by nickel peridotite in tropical or subtropical regions through large-scale, long-term weathering, leaching, alteration, and metamorphism (Putzolu et al., 2020; Tupaz et al., 2020; Ugwu …
Moa Nickel Project, Cuba CSA Global Report Nº R117.2019 Effective Date: 31 December 2018 Signature Date: 6 June 2019 ... projects of nickel and cobalt laterites, including Mineral Resource estimation. ... optimisation testwork and three site visits in 2012/2015 for process optimisation and troubleshooting.
High temperature pressure acid leaching of nickel laterite ores is currently used to recover nickel and cobalt at Moa Bay, Cuba and at Cawse and Murrin Murrin in Western Australia (Whittington and Muir, 2000). ... The effects (both beneficial and detrimental) of leaching nickel laterite ores in saline process water have been noted in …
Murrin Murrin is similar with Cuba Moy Bay Nickel Plant and takes use of the technology from Canada Sherritt, it produces mixed sulfided nickel and intermediate cobalt product, then produce nickel and cobalt. ... 4th, as …
The Moa Bay lateritic Ni-Co mining district (eastern Cuba) has total mineral resources of 198.54 million metric tonnes (Mt) at 1.07% Ni and 0.12% Co. Laterite …
Introduction. Over the past 30 years laterite ores have become increasingly more important as a source of nickel metal (Dalvi et al., 2004).Several methods of nickel extraction from laterite ores have been piloted and some were put into full operation, including acid leach with sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acids, ammonia leach and the …
The Moa Bay lateritic Ni-Co mining district (eastern Cuba) has total mineral resources of 198.54 million metric tonnes (Mt) at 1.07% Ni and 0.12% Co. Laterite profiles from this district are characterized by their oxide-dominated ore zones. Laterite profiles from the Yagrumaje Norte, Punta Gorda, and Yamanigüey deposits contain average Ni …
ICP-MS analyses have revealed the existence of scandium in the lateritic nickel and cobalt ores of the Moa region (Cuba). This article reviews the available information about this element and ...
The 'ochreous laterite' is the oxidised nickel ore from the Punta Gorda deposit, Cuba. Möss spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal methods and selective extraction techniques ...
A variation of it, the Caron Process was first used in the early 1940's in Cuba for the extraction and recovery of nickel from laterites. The Caron Process has also been used in Australia at the Greenvale (Yabulu) Nickel/Cobalt plant, commissioned in 1974. Other projects (Sered, Niquelandia, Nonoc, Punta Gorda, Albania) as well as several ...
